As instigators of immunity, monoclonal antibodies are marvels of modern medicine, lab-made proteins that can treat cancers, autoimmune diseases, and many other conditions. With the market for these ...

Antibodies are Y-shaped protective proteins manufactured by B lymphocytes in reaction to invading pathogens. When B lymphocytes encounter foreign antigens expressed by antigen-presenting cells (e.g.

The history of antibody engineering and production in drug discovery can be traced back to the 1970s and 1980s [1] when scientists first began to explore the potential of using antibodies as ...

Antibodies are the number one immune cells that fight against infection and diseases. However, beyond their natural usage, biochemistry has devised several ways in which these antibodies can be ...

In the past few years, multispecific antibodies, such as trispecific, bispecific, and tetraspecific, have become popular in antibody therapeutics. Compared to conventional monospecific antibodies, ...